ubuntu 10.04 倒计时

ubuntu 增加新硬盘的方法详解，  先中文概述， 英文好的，可以看后面的英文，更详细。

———————————————-中文  ubuntu 增加新硬盘的方法详解——————–

1 接上新硬盘

2 启动Ubuntu，root用户登录。

在终端输入：fdisk -l ，可以看到

—————————————————————————-

Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x000af383

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 1244 9992398+ 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 1245 1305 489982+ 5 Extended

/dev/sda5 1245 1305 489951 82 Linux swap / Solaris

Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk identifier: 0×00000000

Disk /dev/sdb doesn’t contain a valid partition table

—————————————————————————-

这里可以看到/dev/sdb 就是我们新添加的硬盘，我们需要给新的硬盘分区。

在终端输入：fdisk /dev/sdb

之后键入：m，可以看到帮助信息，

键入：n，添加新分区

键入：p，选择添加主分区

键入：l，选择主分区编号为1，这样创建后的主分区为sdb1

之后，fdisk会让你选择该分区的开始值和结束值，开始值默认，  结束值可以输入形如  +200000M,  就是 200G 空间。

可以建立多个分区， 最后键入：w，保存所有并退出，完成新硬盘的分区。

3 格式化磁盘

在终端输入：sudo mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1

用ext3格式对/dev/sdb1 进行格式化

使用1% 作为保留空间（默认为 5%， yaozer认为数据分区不需要那么多）

sudo tune2fs -m 1 /dev/sdb1

4 挂载该分区：

手动挂载：

在终端输入：mkdir /data ,创建新的硬盘的挂载点

在终端键入：mount /dev/sdb1 /data ,将该新分区挂载到/data/这个目录下开机自动挂载

修改/etc/fstab文件，添加如下行：

/dev/sdb1 /data ext3 defaults, 0 2

———————————-英文详解———————————————————–

1) Initiate fdisk with the following command:

•   sudo fdisk /dev/sdb

2) Fdisk will display the following menu:

•   Command (m for help): m <enter>
    Command action
     a   toggle a bootable flag
     b   edit bsd disklabel
     c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
     d   delete a partition
     l   list known partition types
     m   print this menu
     n   add a new partition
     o   create a new empty DOS partition table
     p   print the partition table
     q   quit without saving changes
     s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
     t   change a partition's system id
     u   change display/entry units
     v   verify the partition table
     w   write table to disk and exit
     x   extra functionality (experts only)
  
    Command (m for help):

3) We want to add a new partition. Type “n” and press enter.

  Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)

4) We want a primary partition. Enter “p” and enter.

  Partition number (1-4):

5) Since this will be the only partition on the drive, number 1. Enter “1″ and enter.

  Command (m for help):

If it asks about the first cylinder, just type “1″ and enter. (We are making 1 partition to use the whole disk, so it should start at the beginning.)

6) Now that the partition is entered, choose option “w” to write the partition table to the disk. Type “w” and enter.

  The partition table has been altered!

7) If all went well, you now have a properly partitioned hard drive that’s ready to be formatted. Since this is the first partition, Linux will recognize it as /dev/sdb1, while the disk that the partition is on is still /dev/sdb.

Command Line Formatting

To format the new partition as ext3 file system (best for use under Ubuntu):

•   sudo mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1

To format the new partition as fat32 file system (best for use under Ubuntu & Windows):

•   sudo mkfs -t fat32 /dev/sdb1

As always, substitute “/dev/sdb1″ with your own partition’s path.

Modify Reserved Space (Optional)

When formatting the drive as ext2/ext3, 5% of the drive’s total space is reserved for the super-user (root) so that the operating system can still write to the disk even if it is full. However, for disks that only contain data, this is not necessary.

NOTE: You may run this command on a fat32 file system, but it will do nothing; therefore, I highly recommend not running it.

You can adjust the percentage of reserved space with the “tune2fs” command, like this:

 sudo tune2fs -m 1 /dev/sdb1

This example reserves 1% of space – change this number if you wish.

• Using this command does not change any existing data on the drive. You can use it on a drive which already contains data.

Create A Mount Point

Now that the drive is partitioned and formatted, you need to choose a mount point. This will be the location from which you will access the drive in the future. I would recommend using a mount point with “/media”, as it is the default used by Ubuntu. For this example, we’ll use the path “/media/mynewdrive”

•   sudo mkdir /media/mynewdrive

Now we are ready to mount the drive to the mount point.

Mount The Drive

You can choose to have the drive mounted automatically each time you boot the computer, or manually only when you need to use it.

Automatic Mount At Boot

You’ll need to edit /etc/fstab:

•   gksu gedit /etc/fstab

Add this line to the end (for ext3 file system):

•   /dev/sdb1    /media/mynewdrive   ext3    defaults     0        2

Add this line to the end (for fat32 file system):

•   /dev/sdb1    /media/mynewdrive   vfat    defaults     0        2

  The defaults part may allow you to read, but not write. To write other partition and FAT specific options must be used. If gnome is being used, use the right-click, mount method. Then launch the mount command from terminal, no options. The last entry should be the FAT drive and and look something like:

    /dev/sda5 on /media/mynewdrive type vfat (rw,nosuid,nodev,uhelper=hal,shortname=mixed,uid=1000,utf8,umask=077,flush)

  All of the parts between the parenthesis are the mount options and should replace “defaults” in the fstab file. The “2″ at the end instructs your system to run a quick file system check on the hard drive at every boot. Changing it to “0″ will skip this. Run ‘man fstab’ for more info here.

You can now run “sudo mount -a” (or reboot the computer) to have the changes take effect.

If you want to allow a normal user to create files on this drive, you can either give this user ownership of the top directory of the drive filesystem: (replace USERNAME with the username)

•   sudo chown -R USERNAME:USERNAME /media/mynewdrive

or in a more flexible way, practical if you have several users, allow for instance the users in the plugdev group (usually those who are meant to be able to mount removable disks, desktop users) to create files and sub-directories on the disk:

•   sudo chgrp plugdev /media/mynewdrive
    sudo chmod g+w /media/mynewdrive
    sudo chmod +t /media/mynewdrive

The last “chmod +t” adds the sticky bit, so that people can only delete their own files and sub-directories in a directory, even if they have write permissions to it (see man chmod).

Manually Mount

Alternatively, you may want to manually mount the drive every time you need it.

For manual mounting, use the following command:

sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /media/mynewdrive

When you are finished with the drive, you can unmount it using:

sudo umount /media/mynewdrive

That’s it

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/InstallingANewHardDrive